Custom Components
Vanaheim Technologies Ltd
CNC MachiningP.O. Box 202 155 Custom Components
CNC MachiningSouthgate Centre CNC Machiningphone - 021 507 857
CNC MachiningTakanini 2246 CNC Machiningemail  - gerrit@vanaheim.co.nz
CNC MachiningAuckland
CNC Machining
Home
CNC Machining
Custom Components
Carbon Fibre Spar Repairs
Rope Code Paint
Yacht & Boat Repairs
Stuff We Have Fixed
Finn Rebuild Project
Finn Mast Rebuild Project
Fixing A Broken Finn Mast
Replace Micro-Compass Battery
Terms Of Trade -- Warranty
Finn Shop
Finn Sailing News
Productivity Software

My Finn Mast Rebuild

Productivity Software
The Finn that I bought for rebuilding came with a early round Southern carbon mast. Typically all round Finn masts are too soft to effectively compete with wing masts.

The reason is simple, wing masts by their inherit design have larger almost flat surfaces in the fore/aft plane into which stiffness can be easily built. On round masts this surface is minimal, especially near the tip only being some 20mm wide and in an arc while on the wing mast this is close to 60mm and basically flat.

How then to get the bending performance of a wing mast out of a cheaper to produce round mast? Or for those who cannot afford a wing mast but wanting to improve the performance of their round mast.
CNC Machining
Yacht & Boat Repairs
The answer was simple and a throw back for us oldies who used to race with wooden masts. With a wooden masts one simply glued on a piece of wood were the mast was too soft and sanded some off, where too stiff.

Why not do the same with a round carbon mast?
Yacht & Boat Repairs
Yacht & Boat Repairs
Mast bends before starting work were  (using 12kg at the tip)   
Yacht & Boat Repairs

Fore / Aft

Offset

 

Yacht & Boat Repairs

SideWays

Offset

 

Tip Deflection

620 mm

 

 

Tip Deflection

525 mm

 

3/4

115 mm

79%

 

3/4

128 mm

91%

1/2

145 mm

100%

 

1/2

140 mm

100%

1/4

100 mm

69%

 

1/4

100 mm

71%

CNC Machining
The percentage figures are the variation of the 1/4 and 3/4 bends from the 1/2 point offset.

Target mast bends were these Wilke derived ones. Though the sideways 3/4 offset is a bit softer then I would have desired.
Yacht & Boat Repairs

Fore / Aft

Offset

 

Yacht & Boat Repairs

SideWays

Offset

 

Tip Deflection

525 mm

 

 

Tip Deflection

372 mm

 

3/4

86 mm

75%

 

3/4

109 mm

94%

1/2

114 mm

100%

 

1/2

116 mm

100%

1/4

86 mm

75%

 

1/4

73 mm

63%

Yacht & Boat Repairs
Yacht & Boat Repairs
To get the required fore/aft width, an offcut from a broken America's Cup main sail batten was glued to the front of the mast.

Starting at maximum depth of the mast permissible at the tip (55mm including small crane section at the back of the mast) and tapering down to 5mm, 1200mm down the mast.

While not everyone will have an broken sail batten lying around the yard, a good substitute would be a non-compressable foam or a light weight timber such as Spruce or Oregon.  The reason for having a core is to increase stiffness.

A cored spar is far stiffer then a hollow tube. Tests with hollow cored fairings showed no significant changes to the mast bend figures.
Finn Mast Rebuild
CNC Machining
Time could have been spent making a nice shape but I dont think that when travelling at the maximum boat speed of 15 knots, the masts aerodynamical shape is going to be critically important.

Main point was to get the maximum amount of flat surface in the fore/aft plane. The closer this flat plane is to the centreline the softer the mast tip will be.

As the material I used for the core was 14mm thick I left it at that. Simply faired it into the front of the mast).

Carbon layup on the core was four layers of 200gm uni's in parallel with the mast.
Finn Mast Rebuild
CNC Machining
CNC Machining
Mast bends after the addition of the core and carbon at the tip of the mast were
CNC Machining

Fore / Aft

Offset

 

Yacht & Boat Repairs

SideWays

Offset

 

Tip Deflection

590 mm

 

 

Tip Deflection

480 mm

 

3/4

92 mm

72%

 

3/4

107 mm

84%

1/2

127 mm

100%

 

1/2

127 mm

100%

1/4

90 mm

71%

 

1/4

92 mm

72%

Productivity Software
Judging by the percentage figures the fore/aft curve was slightly stiffer than target while the sideways curve got the required extra stiffness at the 3/4 but is a bit soft at the 1/4.

The larger then desired tip deflections and the 1/2 (midpoint) offsets show a overall softness down low.
Productivity Software
Productivity Software
To increase the overall stiffness of the mast, six layers of 200gm carbon uni's were layed up on the front and sides of the mast from the heel to a height of 2 meters.

The combination of stiffening the tip and the bottom of the mast resulted in the final mast bend figures in the table below.

The only areas of concern are the tip deflections being higher than target.

The critical measurement of sideways tip stiffness has been achieved. Because the tip of the mast no longer falls off, the top 1/3 of the sail generates more power and lift.

The tip fore/aft stiffness (where wing masts have the edge) results in the sail keeping it's shape in the all important top 1/3 when sheeted home.  Lack of mast curvature means the sail doesn't get flatten when sheeting in. 

Finn Mast Rebuild

CNC Machining

Fore / Aft

Offset

 

Yacht & Boat Repairs

SideWays

Offset

 

Tip Deflection

575 mm

 

 

Tip Deflection

415 mm

 

3/4

89 mm

75%

 

3/4

92 mm

80%

1/2

119 mm

100%

 

1/2

115 mm

100%

1/4

90 mm

76%

 

1/4

72 mm

63%

CNC Machining
While all the work increased the mast weight to 8.70 kg the balance point remained spot on.

The increase in performance was staggering. From struggling to stay up with the top sailors to racing with them. Have height, power and speed.

And equally importantly I didn't have to spend any money for a new mast!!  Just elbow grease and a bit of thinking.
CNC Machining
CNC MachiningTop of Page
CNC Machining
Custom Components
Web Site -- Copyrighted To Vanaheim Technologies Ltd @ 2010

Web Designer -- Gerrit Bearda  gerrit@vanaheim.co.nz